Identify the main barriers that constrain the development of renewable Essay

Identify the main barriers that constrain the development of renewable energy in a specific location, and suggest ways to overcome these. (We recommend that you only consider one type of renewable energy) - Essay Example The utter dependence of man on this form of energy is not very encouraging, for the simple reason that this source of energy, as its name suggests, is not a permanent supply of energy and will eventually run out. On the other hand, the renewable energy sources provide hope as they are in plentiful supply, and need just to be harnessed to solve the energy crisis faced today. Ever since the fossil fuel energy availability explosion in the 19th century, the demand rate for energy has been on an exponential increase. The increased demand is depleting the energy reserves at a much faster rate than what had been previously anticipated, and this has led us today to a very crucial point in time where we have to find and tap other sources of energy if we desire to keep our lives tuned in to the same style as we're used to. The one most relevant factor and the biggest contributor to this energy problem is the phenomenal increase in the world population, which is expected to rise even more and at an increased rate, if not at the present rate, in the future. Another reason is that we have accustomed our lifestyles according to the notion that we would always have unlimited access to freely available energy, and our current practices and economies run on the immediate and unstoppable supply of huge quantities of energy. Educational, economical, social and technological sectors all rely on this supply of energy and are designed accordingly. However, we are about to face a very serious challenge, one that will have to be fought on an international scale and would need our combined effort to overcome. The energy demands in the world are expected to rise by 1-2% every year for many decades (Physics Today 2004), and the fact that many of our energy supplies will, at this rate, deplete within an average lifespan of a human being is not helping at all. The energy supplies that we have either depend upon the amount stored as fossil fuels and other stores like nuclear fuel in the earth, or the amount of energy supplied by the sun that we can harness economically through different methods (Physics Today 2004). Both the factors have their own sets of problems, but the problems and constraints on the development of renewable energy provided by the sun directly are to be considered in this paper. Case in point is the development of renewable forms of energy in the US. Energy demands can be measured in quads (Q), where 1Q = 1015 BTU, which can be approximated to 1.06 x 1018 joules (Physics Today 2004). The energy consumption of the US forms about a quarter of the total energy consumption of the world, roughly a 100Q per year, and this consumption is expected to ri

Cultural Studies 3rd year Film Genres Class. There is choice among Essay

Cultural Studies 3rd year Film Genres Class. There is choice among topics - Essay Example Both characters are on a mission to solve the mysteries surrounding them. The genre of the movie Salt is a thriller action; the genre is well expressed by the events that happen in the movie. Throughout the movie, there is a lot of suspense and it becomes very difficult to predict what will happen in the next scene. A generic convention is a language the users use to respond to particular recurring similar situations (Devitt 14). In the Salt movie, some similar situations recur, like the mission of the main character to accomplish the Orlov’s mission of killing both the president of the United States and that of Russia. The main mission of Salt is to destroy the United States as planned by Orlov. The use of generic convention emphasizes the main role of the character in the film. It keeps the individual on track and makes sure that the individual can construct something from the recurring events. The movie is popular among its audience; the audience in this case is the lovers of thriller movies or the individuals who adore female actors as the main characters. The genre of the other movie, Resident Evil: Afterlife is a science fiction action movie. The genre of the movie is challenged by some scenes of horror films. There is a mixture of science fiction and horror characteristics. Although science fiction is the dominant theme, it is blurred by horror scenes and makes it look less science fictional. The aspect of mutations keeps on recurring throughout the movie; they are drawn from the previous films on Resident Evil written by Anderson. It is imperative to note that since the film is an integration of the other parts of Resident Evil movie, it may prove quite difficult for a new watcher to comprehend what is happening. The film is a success and it meets quite a number of audiences; the movie incorporates the audience who love science fiction, those who love horror movies and those who adore female

Discuss the onset and clinical picture of PTSD in young people with Essay

Discuss the onset and clinical picture of PTSD in young people with reference to the literature and using case examples - Essay Example This critical review is being undertaken in the hope of establishing a clear and comprehensive understanding of PTSD and its impact on young people’s lives. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is usually seen after a major disaster or traumatic experience. Several studies assessing emotional responses were carried out in the wake of the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center attacks. In a paper by Adams and Boscarino (2006, p. 485), the authors set out to identity the factors associated with PTSD following the World Trade Center Disaster (WTCD) and the changes in PTSD status which were seen over time. This study was a prospective cohort study of New York City adults living in the city on September 11, 2001 and was conducted a year after the attacks and another year after that for follow-up. About 2000 individuals were covered in the first survey and 1600 on the second survey (Adams & Boscarino, 2006, p. 485). The study revealed that in the year immediately following the WTCD, younger females who experienced previous trauma and negative life events, and who had low self-esteem had a greater possibility of developing PTSD (Adams & Boscarino, 20 06, p. 485). In the second year following the September 11 attacks, those who were middle-aged, Latinos, who experienced previous trauma and negative life events, and those who had low self-esteem were more likely to develop PTSD (Adams & Boscarino, 2004, p. 485). The study was able to point out crucial qualities in individuals which made them vulnerable to PTSD after a significant trauma like the September 11 attacks. This study is a peer-reviewed research conducted by reputable experts in the field of psychology and psychiatry. The study presented in detail the different characteristics present among respondents which make them vulnerable to PTSD. The authors were able to draw an analysis based on reliable statistical results. These results were also related and founded on

Cultural Studies 3rd year Film Genres Class. There is choice among Essay

Cultural Studies 3rd year Film Genres Class. There is choice among topics - Essay Example Both characters are on a mission to solve the mysteries surrounding them. The genre of the movie Salt is a thriller action; the genre is well expressed by the events that happen in the movie. Throughout the movie, there is a lot of suspense and it becomes very difficult to predict what will happen in the next scene. A generic convention is a language the users use to respond to particular recurring similar situations (Devitt 14). In the Salt movie, some similar situations recur, like the mission of the main character to accomplish the Orlov’s mission of killing both the president of the United States and that of Russia. The main mission of Salt is to destroy the United States as planned by Orlov. The use of generic convention emphasizes the main role of the character in the film. It keeps the individual on track and makes sure that the individual can construct something from the recurring events. The movie is popular among its audience; the audience in this case is the lovers of thriller movies or the individuals who adore female actors as the main characters. The genre of the other movie, Resident Evil: Afterlife is a science fiction action movie. The genre of the movie is challenged by some scenes of horror films. There is a mixture of science fiction and horror characteristics. Although science fiction is the dominant theme, it is blurred by horror scenes and makes it look less science fictional. The aspect of mutations keeps on recurring throughout the movie; they are drawn from the previous films on Resident Evil written by Anderson. It is imperative to note that since the film is an integration of the other parts of Resident Evil movie, it may prove quite difficult for a new watcher to comprehend what is happening. The film is a success and it meets quite a number of audiences; the movie incorporates the audience who love science fiction, those who love horror movies and those who adore female

Four Geographic Traditions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Four Geographic Traditions - Research Paper Example As such, the core definitions of each of these traditions will be discussed as well as a level of analysis performed on which tradition speaks best to which particular aspect of geographical analysis. What is noteworthy before delving into a firm and functional definition of each of these four traditions is to understand that the subject of geography has always, since its inception, been focused on the art and science of definition. Without definition, geography would have but a few actionable uses. In this way, it is important for the reader to understand that each of the following four approaches that will be discussed should be viewed within just such a prism. Although one is not superior to all of the others at all time, each in their own way can provide a useful tool of analysis which can help the reader/researcher to draw a level of inference on specific research questions and can help to shine a valuable level of insight into key determinants that would otherwise not be able t o be fully answered with the application and/or use of another of the traditions. Similarly, although each of the four following traditions are still in use within the community of geographic research and scientific studies, some are used to a greater and more affective use than others. Additionally, as the field grows, evolves, and advances, some of the four will no doubt decrease in overall performance; however, this unavoidable decrease of some of these traditions is no reason not to consider the fundamental determinants that have sought to define the way in which the field has progressed and continues to define itself up until the current juncture in time. Naturally, from the aforementioned list, the first of these traditions that will be discussed and analyzed is that of the spatial tradition. The spatial tradition is perhaps the best known and the most common of historical geographic traditions in that it seeks to define a given region based solely upon a firm differentiation of what is â€Å"other† and what is not. Although this tradition is perhaps the oldest in historical terms of implementation and usage, the fact of the matter is that is has continued to grow and develop throughout history (Pattison 3). As a function of this, the tradition has grown to incorporate computerized mapping (i.e. GIS and the like), quantitative techniques and tools for the representation of otherwise abstract geographic terms, aerial photography, and a litany of other spatial analysis tools that have helped to define, group, and differentiate otherwise indistinguishable determinants from one another within the realm of geography and geographic research and interpretation. This â€Å"oldest† of traditions continues to evolve and incorporate the different aspects of technological advancement that have manifested themselves throughout society and the sciences. As a function of this growth, the spatial tradi

Why e-Business is important to the world economy Essay Example for Free

Why e-Business is important to the world economy Essay While the terms e-business and e-commerce are often used in the same context there is a difference between the two. E-commerce generally refers to financial transactions that take place on the Web, whereas e-business refers to all types of transactions over the Web. The use of the Web, or Internet, is perhaps one of the greatest changes in business practices today. The transforming power of this mode of business extends far beyond the obvious points of convenience for the customer and cost savings for the business. The most powerful implementations of e-business enable a complete restructuring of business models (Ware, 1999). The extensive acceptance and relatively low cost access is making a change in the worlds economy. This paper will attempt to identify some the reasons that e-business is important to the world economy. Many businesses are interested in e-business for the most simple of reasons, which is the increase of profits and, generally, a decrease in costs. Often the decrease in costs is associated with paperwork, employee pay and overhead, and these savings can be passed on to the buyer. An example is Cisco Systems who today sells the majority of its computer networking equipment over the internet. According to Schneider:Because no customer service representatives are involved in making these sales, Cisco operates very efficiently. In 1998, the first year in which its online sales initiative was fully operational, Cisco made 72 percent of its sales on the Web. Cisco estimated that it avoided handling 500,000 calls per month and saved $500 million in that year alone. (2004, pg. 15). In a business-to-business (B2B) transaction, if a buyer can purchase more of a product for a lesser amount, they can sell more as well. Selling more helps to stimulate the economy in any country. In addition, when a company does a good job of advertising on the Web, it allows them to get the message about their product or service out to potential customers around the world. This can lead to an increase in sales and also helps the buyer with purchasing prospects. E-business can also provide a larger selection of products and services for a buyer to select from. The ability of the internet to transfer information has made the world a  somewhat smaller place. The use of e-business allows for communications and transactions to happen extremely quickly. Before the use of the internet, trading among countries could take weeks. Such circumstances lent themselves to fragmented individualized markets with subsidiaries run by family members or close friends (Wright. N/D). Now, businesses can interact with their subsidiaries, business partners, vendors, and buyers in a time and cost efficient manner. Many companies, such as Hewlett-Packard and Dell have taken the opportunity to open offices and plants in other countries as this can greatly reduce production costs. The opening of production facilities has in turn created many jobs for many people in those countries, and this helps to stimulate economic growth. According to Gary Schneider the inherently global nature of electronic commerce leads to many opportunities and a few challenges (2004. pg. 41). While there are obvious concerns about trust, culture, and language legalities, more and more businesses are conducting e-business. E-business has opened the door for many countries to participate in business ventures that they did not have previously, therefore generating a cash flow for that countries economy. This type of business has allowed for some countries to openly sell their best products to the highest bidder and to expand market share. When done on a global scale such as this, every country has the opportunity toshare the wealth, which helps the global economy. References: Schneider, G. (2004). Electronic Commerce: The Second Wave. (5th ed.) Thomson. Course Technology. Ware, B. (1999). Syracuse University research centers. Retrieved January 18, 2008 from http://www.syr.edu/research/ebusiness/benreport.htmlWright, N. S. (n/d). Global economy. Business Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 18, 2008 from http://www.answers.com/topic/world-economy?cat=biz-fin

Determination of the End Point of the Acid Base Titration

Determination of the End Point of the Acid Base Titration Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Acids and Bases Properties of acid Strengths of Acids and Bases How to detect acid and Bases? pKa and Dissociation Equilibrium Equipment Procedure Results and conclusion Bibliography Introduction Acids and Bases Every liquid we see will probably have either basic or acidic properties. Water can be a base and acid, it depends on the reaction you add with water. It can be a base in some reaction and an acid in some reactions. Also water can react with itself to form bases and acids but it happens in small quantities so it will not change your experiments. 2H2O > H3O++ OH- The hydrogen ion was transferred to form Hydronium ion. The negative and positive ions in water are equal and cancel each other. Most of water we drink from the tap has others ions in it. Those ions in solution make something basic or acidic. For example, in our Bodies, there are small compounds called amino acids and in fruits there something called citric acid. According to Santà © Arrhenius, in 1887, he came up with new definitions of acids and bases. He said when we mix water to molecules , they break down and gives a hydrogen ion and at another times it gives hydroxide. In general, a hydrogen positive ion is released, the acidic solution increases. When a hydroxide ion is released, the solution become base For example HA +H2O H3O + + A Hydronium ion is formed and it is acid. That hydrogen ion is the reason it is called an acid. Chemists use the word dissociated to describe the breakup of a compound Properties of acid Acids taste sour Acids react strongly with metals (Zn + HCl) Strong Acids are dangerous and can burn your skin Bases Bases are ionic compounds that break apart to form a negatively charged hydroxide ion (OH-) in water. The strength of a base is determined by the concentration of Hydroxide ions (OH-). The greater of the concentration of OH ions the stronger the base. Example: NaOH in water NaOH Na+ + OH Strengths of Acids and Bases Strong Acids and Weak Acids: Strength of acid is related to ionization of acids in water. Some of the acids can ionize 100 % in water solutions; we call them strong acids. HCL are examples of strong acids.in other hand, some of the acids cannot ionize like strong acids. We call acids partially ionize in solutions weak acid. CH3COOH, HF, H2CO3 are examples of weak acid that partially ionize in solution Strong and Weak Bases: Bases ionize completely in solutions are called strong bases. NaOH and bases including OH- ion are strong bases. Bases that ionize partially in solutions are called weak bases. For example [ NH3] Ionization of Water: Water ionizes gives: H2O(l) ↔ H+(aq) + OH(aq) In pure water concentrations of H+ and OH ions are equal to each other and at 25 °, they have concentration 110-7 M. then concentration of ion in pure water is too low, it is a bad electric conductor. As in the case of pure water mediums having [H+] = [OH] concentration are called neutral mediums. In water solutions multiplication of [H+] and [OH] is constant and at 25 0C it is 110-14. This number is also called ionization constant of pure water. If concentration of [H+] ions equal [OH-]= 10 -7M, then solution is neutral. If concentration of [H+] ions > [OH-] or [H+] > 10 -7M and [OH-] -7 M, then solution is acidic. If concentration of [OH-] ions > [H+] or [H+] -7 M and [OH-] > 10-7 M, then solution is basic. How to detect acid and Bases? Scientists use something called pH scale to measure how basic or acidic the liquid is. Also there are many types of ions in a solution, pH focus on concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. The scale measures values from 0 to 14. Distilled water is 7 in the middle. The strength of an acid or base in a solution is measured on a scale called a pH scale. Any pH number greater than 7 is considered a base and any pH number less than 7 is considered an acid. 0 is the strongest acid and 14 is the strongest base. The acid strength depends on the concentration of positive hydrogen ions in the solution. The greater and more hydrogen ions is the stronger acids likes Hydrochloric acid HCL and Sulphuric acid. pH=-log[H+] and pOH=-log[OH-] If 7>pH>0 acidic solution If 14>pH>7 basic solution If pH=7 neutral solution pKa and Dissociation Equilibrium 1. pH When acids is added to water, the pH scale decreases. The acidity of a solution is examined by the hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]), where pH provides a simple index for expressing the [H+] level., when pH is small which means that the smaller the number of pH , the stronger acid. pH=-log10[H] pKa and Dissociation Equilibrium Strong acid , which they are dissociate in solution, and weak acids that partially dissociate in solution. When dissociation of strong acid happens, it gives a proton In which make the solution more acidic, However, weak acids have a dissociated state (A-) and undissociated state (AH) that appears according to the following dissociation equilibrium equation. AH A + H+ . The definition of Ka is Ka= The brackets of the product to the brackets of the reactants pKa was introduced as an index to express the acidity of weak acids, where pKa is defined as follows. pKa= log10Ka Relation between Ka and Pka , it is inversely proportional so when ka is high which means storng acid which means pKa is low and vice versa Equipment Burette Beaker Magnetic stirrer Ph meter Acid and Bases Pure water Procedure Clean all equipment in order to get accurate conductivity Add some of NaOH into the receiving cup and then add slightly 1 ml of HCL and make sure you adding the receiving cup on the magnetic stirrer Repeat this steps to get the conductivity from volume 0 ml to 17 ml Get titration curve ,the differential curve and the end point For CH3COOH + NaOH We will make same steps and record the conductivity pH Results and conclusion NaOH + HCL Results of volume of HCL and the conductivity Ml pH is clear that end point occurs at 10 ml of HCL which pH drops to 6.34 Titration curve Differential curve Ch3COOH +Naoh It is clear that end point at 10 ml of Naoh the end point occur , the ph difference is very big Titration curve Differential curve Bibliography http://www.chemistrytutorials.org/content/acids-and-bases/ph-poh-and-ionization-of-water/58-acids-and-bases-cheat-sheet http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/Chem_AcidsBasespHScale.shtml http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/184ph.html http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/students/erlinger/water/background/ph.html http://www.humboldtmfg.com/graduated_glass_beaker.html http://www.shimadzu.com/an/hplc/support/lib/lctalk/29/29intro.html https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/acids-and-bases/strength-of-acids/the-acid-dissociation-constant/ http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Acid_dissociation_constant.html