The Procedural Law And Criminal Justice - 2979 Words

In its quest for a just and fair trial of an accused, CJS in India not only guarantees certain safeguards to, and confers a set of rights — constitutional and statutory - on an accused but also rigorously implements, with utmost zeal for reformation and re-socialisation of offenders, its penal system. However, it does not exhibit its equal concern to victims of crime when it comes to re-compensating them for the loss incurred or physical, mental or emotional `injury sustained by them. There is neither a comprehensive legislation nor a well-designed statutory scheme or a policy statement in India either allowing a crime victim to seek compensation from offender and/or State or to participate. as a matter of right, in the CJDS and†¦show more content†¦3.1.1 Compensating victims of crime: Existing legislative spirit and scheme A careful glance at the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC), reveals a legislative scheme, though fragmentary, for compensating victims of crime. It, by virtue of provisions of Sections 357, 421 and 431 contained therein, empowers a criminal court, at its discretion, to award compensation to a victim of crime as well as to recover it and pay it to him. The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 (POA), by virtue of provisions contained in its Section 5, also enables a trial court, though at its discretion, to compensate a person for loss or injury caused to him by commission of the offence and costs of the proceedings. In other words, the victim compensatory legislative scheme in India is, thus, constituted by the provisions of Sections 357, 421 and 431 of the CrPC and of Section 5 of the POA. 3.1.1.1. The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 Section 357, CrPC, empowers a criminal court imposing a sentence of fine or a sentence (including a sentence of death) of which fine forms a part at in its discretion inter alia, to order payment of compensation, out of the fine recovered, to a person for any loss or injury caused to him by the offence. Sub-section (1) of Section 357 empowers a criminal Court to appropriate the whole or any portion of the fine recovered for the

Essay Solutions to the Problem of Deforestation - 688 Words

Solutions to the Problem of Deforestation Personal: There are many things that one can do personally to rectify the problem of Deforestation. These include such things as using wood sparingly, planting indigenous trees, purchasing the most ecologically sensitive products, recycling paper, reducing consumption of wood related products, communicating your opinions to the proper authorities, calling on forestry companies to act responsibly, and more. Education, however is the most effective catalyst for change, we must respect the forests as living communities not just resources to be exploited. Government: There are many things that governments are doing to rectify this problem.†¦show more content†¦Through educating local farmers, governments aim to teach farmer the Dangers of Deforestation and Slash-and-Burn. Apart from educating farmers, Governments could provide incentives to farmers, or give the High Yielding Varieties of seeds so that less land is cut down, and give farmers fertilisers so that they can use the same block of land for a longer period of time. Improvement of technology would also help as access to machinery would allow farmers to manage the land for a longer period before moving on. World Wide: The Tropical Forestry Action Plan was the first major international initiative to tackle tropical deforestation and was launched in 1985 by the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation, the World Bank, the World Resource Institute and the UN Development Programme. It wasn’t very effective. It was based on the assumption that poverty and over-population are the main causes of Deforestation and it didn’t recognise the role of developed countries. In time donor countries became unwilling to fund the plan. 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Global warming impacts all of the life around us even though not many people recognize it. There are many problems that global warming will make to our environment and it has already impacted it over time. Although, there are many problems, there are also solutions to stop global warming. Climate change is most closely related to global warmingRead MoreDeforestation And Environment1125 Words   |  5 Pages Deforestation is a clearing of a wide area of into cleared land that is used for a variety of reasons. The impact on the environment from cutting down, burning and damaging forests is very detrimental and there will be severe consequences for the environment and future generations because of deforestation and approximately  7.3 million hectares of forests are being destroyed per year in the world. (citation)   In this essay, I will explore the impact that deforestation on the environment and I will

Critical Review Thinking Schools and Learning Nations

Question: Discuss about the Critical Review for Thinking Schools and Learning Nations. Answer: Introduction The article is based on Thinking Schools, Learning Nations Implementation of Curriculum Review in Singapore which was published in Educational Research for Policy and Practice journal in the year 2005. The article was published by Vanithamani Saravanan of National Institute of Education and Nanyang Technological University. The article provides an insight into the policy implemented by Goh Chok, Minister of education who introduced the model: Thinking school and learning nation. This article provides article regarding the manner in which the school has adopted the changing approaches. The author has made the research on imparting science and mathematics through English language. The purpose of the article is to introduce various different tools that help in leading the nation. The educational reform system has a major role in defining the status of the country (Chang, 2004). The overall research is based on the changes in relation with the teaching and learning approach in the schools and the IPW approach to enable a class of underachievers. The article provides a critical review regarding the author insight and his proposal in meeting the desired changes in the overall education system. The overall structure of the article is clear. Author is specifically focusing upon the training sessions in a systematic manner. Summary The article review is regarding the changes in the overall curriculum pattern introduced by the minister of education in 1997 to change the overall education mechanism. The new educational reform has changed the overall curriculum assessment. The schools were dependent upon the traditional manner of imparting education to the students. This caused a major concern to the government organization. There were consistent mistakes in the primary and lower level sections. Students and teachers were finding difficulty in accepting the overall educational mechanism. The language exercise undertaken in the schools was restricted to spelling exercise. The students in the classrooms were restricted merely to the rote learning routine ( Lee et al 2004). The pedagogy of teaching was restricted where teachers were subject to fill the worksheet. This has become a regular exercise in the class-room. In the view of the rigid approach in the classroom, the review committee has introduced integrated pro ject work in order to make learning more effective. The overall purpose was to make learning more interesting. The purpose of the review was to inculcate social responsibility in the students and the teachers. The ministry of Education has organized various training programs so as to develop effective skills in their teaching method (Gopinathan, Ho, Vanithamani 2004). The author has provided an insight into the implementation of curriculum in Singapore. The overall aim of the article is to make learning more resourceful. The article provides with recommendations that need to be implemented in order to attain desired results. The review is to understand the efficacy regarding the initiative taken by the committee in order to bring changes (Emmer Grewels 2002). The IPW is one of the integral parts of education mechanism. The purpose of the article is to distinguish the role of every individual related to education so as to provide them with effective tools. Critical Review The Author has however highlighted the manner in which training should be done for imparting education. The article is related to the critical implementation of the curriculum in the learning pattern in Schools at Singapore. The IPW approach is now implemented at every school located in Singapore. The purpose of implementing a new technique was to make overall education pattern more effective. Three teachers who were already teaching in the primary three class-rooms were selected to pair-up with English, mathematics and science teacher. They were asked to provide weekly instructions to the student and their work being weekly reviewed. The article is regarding the training sessions provided to the teachers where they have to learn role-play in order to function effectively. They were given different role so that they can behave efficiently in future. The purpose was to inculcate effective learning skills by providing them with training. It is necessary to understand that effective lea rning is necessary for developing a better future (Penuel, Fishman, Yamaguchi Gallagher, 2007). There were different planning stages whose purpose is to impart training by developing effective future. The teacher has to accept various roles in order to meet the objective. The teachers were able to synthesize the knowledge received from different programs. It is necessary for an individual to develop specific skills so as to attain desired goals(Emmer Grewels 2002). The structure of the article is systematic where author has aligned his thoughts in a well structure. This is to highlight the severity of current policy implementation. The primary goal of the activity was to attain the objectives of IPW. Instructions were circulated in the schools that specifically focused on promoting creative learning and improving the communication skills in the pupil. Computers were used as a medium to create awareness among teachers. Group presentation and project learning were the part of overall mechanism. The teachers were acknowledged during the overall process. The purpose of the project is to initiate the effective learning method. The previous learning pattern was monotonous and boring. The purpose of new learning method was to develop high level of learning. This is however necessary for an individual in order to understand the overall system and the mechanism. Internet was used as an important tool to seek information in order to accomplish the desire d goals(Deng, Gopinathan Lee,2013). The author is primarily focusing on the importance of implementing IPW. The purpose was to understand the feedbacks given by the trainee. The study has confirmed that the effective learning helps in creating an effective learning environment. The purpose of the overall technique and its implementation was met due to IPW. The teachers became less of disciplinarian and focused on facilitating effective role by encouraging the pupil development (Parkay, Anctil Hass,2014). The role given to each individual was very well accomplished. The people in the group were able to give effective results. The purpose was to understand the way in which one can fulfill the gap in imparting effective education. The co-operative learning is one of the effective way in which an individual can meet all his goals. The purpose was to introduce motivating programs so that the individual participates in the activity (Venville, Sheffield, Rennie Wallace, 2008). IPW stood right exactly with its motive. The overall purpose of implementing the policies was made easily. Pupil in order to grow has to develop an effective learning mechanism. The overall procedure helped them to work in a better manner (Burgess, Robertson Patterson,2010). The author has provided a review about the techniques that are necessary to be implemented in order to attain efficiency in teaching process. There was a clear observation that the people want to incorporate effective learning. People were able to develop leadership quality in them which in return helped them to evolve. The co-operative behavior has helped them to attain efficiency so that they can cope up with the pressure (Lim, Lee, Saito Syed Haron, 2011). Conclusion Overall the article has effectively being framed with value thoughts in order to highlight the issue. Author has interpreted the thoughts in a well structure. The critical review is regarding the new integrated learning approach adopted by the government. There is a necessity to improve the overall learning pattern so that individual can develop a better learning in them. The language exercise undertaken in the schools was restricted to spelling exercise. The students in the classrooms were restricted merely to the rote learning routines. The purpose of the article is to evolve new learning mechanism in order to develop effective teaching. The article is regarding the training sessions provided to the teachers where they have to learn role-play in order to function effectively. This has become important in the current scenario that the organization should improve overall productivity by developing effective role. This has become important for an individual in order to meet the parame ters related to effective education. References Burgess, J., Robertson, G., Patterson, C. (2010). Curriculum implementation: Decisions of early childhood teachers.Australasian Journal of Early Childhood,35(3), 51. Chang, A. (2004). Promoting Thinking Skills through Project Work, unpublished manuscript. ERAS, Annual general Meeting. Deng, Z., Gopinathan, S., Lee, C. (2013).Globalization and the Singapore Curriculum. Singapore: Springer. Emmer Grewels (2002). Cooperative Learning in Elementary Classrooms: Teaching Practices and Lesson Characteristics. The Elementary School Journal. Gopinathan, S., Ho, W. K. Vanithamani Saravanan (2004). Ethnicity Management and Language Education Policy: Towards a Modified Model of Language Education in Singapore Schools. Ed Lai Ah Eng, Eastern University Press. Lee, Christine, Mary Cherian, Rahil Ismail, Maureen Ng, Jasmine Sim, Chee Min Fui. (2004). Childrens Experiences of Multiracial Relationships in Informal Primary School Settings. In Beyond Rituals and Riots: Ethnic Pluralism and Social Cohesion in Singapore. pp. 228257. Ed Lai Ah Eng., Institute of Policy Studies, Eastern University Press, Marshall Cavendish Lim, C., Lee, C., Saito, E., Syed Haron, S. (2011). Taking stock of Lesson Study as a platform for teacher development in Singapore.Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education,39(4), 353-365. Parkay, F. W., Anctil, E. J., Hass, G. (2014).Curriculum leadership: Readings for developing quality educational programs. Prentice Hall. Penuel, W. R., Fishman, B. J., Yamaguchi, R., Gallagher, L. P. (2007). What makes professional development effective? Strategies that foster curriculum implementation.American educational research journal,44(4), 921-958. Venville, G., Sheffield, R., Rennie, L. J., Wallace, J. (2008). The writing on the wall: classroom context, curriculum implementation, and student learning in integrated, community?based science projects.Journal of research in Science Teaching,45(8), 857-880.

The Power to See Ourselves Reaction free essay sample

On the other hand, when I first started my job and I saw myself as not knowing what I was doing, I conveyed that to others in my hesitation and nervousness about taking on the new responsibilities I was being handed. I also agree with the section of the article that deals with conflicts in a person’s self-concept. As a working mother, I have experienced the same thing that Brouwer discusses in this section. I have felt firsthand how conflicts in my personal life can affect my work, and vice versa. When I want to be in my role as a mother, but am forced to be at work when my daughter’s class is going on a field trip, I may become short-tempered with others at work, and later have a jealous attitude toward the mothers who were able to attend. Usually, when those two roles of mine collide, it is not a pleasant thing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Power to See Ourselves Reaction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Each individual role is difficult on its own, but when I am trying to fill both roles at once, it is nearly impossible. I found it interesting that, according to Brouwer, mature people are resistant to change. I would have thought that mature people would be open to change, and would embrace it as a way of furthering their education or bettering themselves. However, Brouwer’s explanation makes a lot of sense: self-concept has to do with patterns of behavior and habits, which makes it a difficult thing to change. Older, more mature people have had their same patterns and habits established for a long time, so changing those behaviors and habits would be difficult. It reminds me of someone who is, for example, an aggressive lawyer who suddenly finds themselves in legal trouble. That person would have to switch roles, from being the aggressive lawyer to being the client being defended by someone else. It would be difficult for that person to sit back and let their lawyer to their job. A new question that I have has to do with how to change my self-expectation. Brouwer says that there is no one best way to do this. It seems that it would be easy for any person to choose one thing that they don’t like about their behaviors, and then to set a goal to change that behavior. However, the difficult part of this equation is putting a plan in motion to achieve the goal. How can a person make themselves actually get started on doing what needs to be done to change their self-expectation? For me, I performed a self-evaluation and discovered that I am far too critical of the appearance of my home. My self-expectation is that I keep my house perfect all of the time. There is no room for any messiness in my world. I realize that I would like to change that self-expectation, but how do I do it? Overall the article was very interesting. I enjoyed reading about the reasons why people are the way that they are, and the reasons why perhaps people have a difficult time changing their behaviors. This information will come in handy in the workplace when dealing with difficult employees who seem to never have the ability to abandon troublesome behaviors. References Brouwer, P. J. (1964, November-December). The power to see ourselves. Harvard Business Review.