Environmental Policy Making in Developing Countries

Introduction The interdependent relationship between the government and businesses leads to changes in economy and market, demanding proper environmental and economical practices. Economic stability is largely linked to the governmental institutions, in connection with the society and public demands.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Environmental Policy Making in Developing Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A business setting or functions of an organization involve an intricate cooperation between the government, society and the company, moving the economy in cities and pre-setting future governmental actions. Many aspects depend on how the market views the businesses with the linkage to the government and how it is being treated in the economic setting. One of the key aspects of any business is to be able to interest the government, public or society in the products or services that are being offered to people and organizations. The pollution through fuel use, technology and many other aspects of civilized life has brought about many changes that humanity was not ready for, including a lessening of resources used for energy, a shifting pattern of crop’s growth and emergence of diseases. The Earth’s population must get ready for a new era that will require a more efficient use of energy and a better conservation of people’s health. Brazil is the second fifth largest country in the world geographically and in terms of the population. In this view, Brazil epitomizes on the ongoing global tension pitying biodiversity preservation against sustainable agricultural practices and economic growth. Brazil is a key emerging economic power, which has a GDP of US$6040 billion and a GDP per capita of US$326.21 billion in 2004 (European Commission, 2007). The country’s environment is one of the richest in the world because of not only the flora and fauna, bu t also because of its ecosystems, which contain an excess of 15 % of the plant and animal species known to botanists (Saxena, 2005). The country is the source of water and also a water table of up to 12% of the available freshwater worldwide. Brazil is also undoubtedly one of the leading producers of food and Biofuel in Latin America and globally (Ferreira et al., 2012).Advertising Looking for critical writing on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To continue with this trend of a lead in food production and water, the country should try to institute measures, which aim at reducing the negative effects of poor farming methods, while improving farming practices. Therefore, this paper discusses how sustainable and productive agricultural practices can be used to promote economic development and conserve the environment and thus, prevent the occurrence of the vicious cycle. As is obvious from the present matter s, industrialization has brought about a significant change to the lives of nations, individuals and the public. Industrial globalization has led to all countries cooperating for mutual and own benefit, so new technologies have become a great part of any nation. Even though the advantages of technology greatly outweigh the disadvantages, there are now, many more ways to abuse the information that can be instrumental to the success of nations. The laws that are being made and governments must carefully monitor the innovations that come into existence, as there are many people who will take advantage of the developed nations. It is clear that as a result, governments and businesses are forming alliances, cooperating in the common fight against pollution and moving towards prosperity and future possibilities. The interdependent relationship between the environment, government and businesses leads to changes in economy and market. Economic stability is largely linked to the governmental institutions, in connection with the society and public demands. Brazil’s environment involves an intricate cooperation between the government, society and nature. Many aspects depend on how the society views nature with the linkage to the government and how it is being treated in the economic setting. One of the key aspects of any nation is to be able to interest the government, public or society in the products or services that are being offered to people and organizations. The place of access for a business has some basic and concrete general patterns and structure.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Environmental Policy Making in Developing Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To make it easier for companies to locate and contact a connection to other institutions and businesses will be rather effective. The fact that there will always be people and organizations which provide a service or a product, communication becomes critical in the search for the right company. To market a product, cooperative relationships with people and nature would allow for an easier and quicker gain of finances. An equally problematic result of the warming climate is the variation in the heat waves, rains and general changes of weather conditions. The environment is becoming hard to predict and the fluctuations cause a difficulty in relying on the climate. Catastrophic events, such as floods and hurricanes lead to an even greater problem, as the land becomes polluted by the harmful substances and plants and animals become infected. The rising sea level is another consequence of the climate change. If there is an increase of one meter, it will cause devastation to many regions (Walter, 2008). Understanding the Vicious Cycle the Brazilian Problem as a country Ascher and Healy (1990) used this concept to demonstrate the complex interrelationships among four critical facets of socio-physi cal production, which are economic production, distribution of income, natural resources, and the environment. Concerning the explanation of the relationship between economic development and environmental conservation, it is clear that economic production is the level, source, and composition of goods, and services generated by the economy at any point in time among the four facets of production. The four facets of production include functional distribution, size distribution among recipients of different levels of income, distribution of in-kind income such as government services or gratifications from environmental quality, as well as regional income distribution. Available literature adds multiple citations to support this claim to demonstrate that such facets of production have adverse impacts on biodiversity and the conservation of ecosystems in the country are instrumental to positive outcome (Jain, 1998). Hence, policy makers should incorporate environmental conservation meas ures into agricultural development to enhance optimization of agricultural production.Advertising Looking for critical writing on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fact that Brazil’s urban regions are increasing and contributing more to the economy, gives the government a clear message that the intricate network must be stimulated in all possible ways. It is also significant to consider the interchange between the social functions, culture and the politics that are dominant and change from one region to another. When looking at economics, there are few things to have in mind. Different cities and regions have unique and specific economies. The system of trade and relations between businesses are guided by the public, their beliefs and understanding of the government and the market. Some places have better economies with governments giving support and being one of the major clients. Global approach would guarantee a lot of choice and possibilities for the businesses and the government. Since the pressures for local responsiveness are low, this will guarantee stable income and product or service flow for the community. Whereas, the gl obal integration pressure is high, decisions can be made with slower pace and careful consideration of all options available. Because the relationship of â€Å"city-regions†, localities, urban areas, cities and provinces is so important, it would be crucial to adjust the policies and regulations to be somewhat universal, for an easier and more beneficial exchange. In spite of the issue of vicious cycle, Brazil is on the verge of achieving long-term economic development because effective exploitation of natural resources. According to European Commission (2007), â€Å"the dense tropical rainforest of the Amazon, the important biomes of the Savannah-like Cerrado, the arid scrublands of the Coating, the Pampas, and the wetlands of the Pantanal† are some of the natural resources endowed to Brazil (p. 11). Given that agricultural exports comprises of about 28% of total exports, the government has prioritized agriculture as an important economic activity. However, as demonst rated by these authors, â€Å"there are rising concerns about the threats that these changes represents to Brazil’s significant biological wealth globally, including widespread deforestation and clearance of native vegetation, and rapid increases in the use of fertilizers, pesticides and other agricultural chemical supplies† (Ferreira, et al., 2012, p. 536). On this basis, poor agricultural practices have the capacity to ignite and cause complex vicious cycle, which will ultimately cut across two, or more attributes of sociophysical production. In the Brazilian context, it is evident that attempts by the government and other stakeholders to enhance the country’s economic development through agricultural expansion have continued to generate multiple environmental externalities. The government is suggested to encourage farmers to employ environmental conservation practices such as reduction of biological diversity, prevention of soil erosion in rural farming areas , conservation of watershed and natural resources, and prevention of soil and habitat degradation. It should also be included in the process of implementing the environment conservation policies and good farming methods since they are the prime stakeholders in the field of agriculture (Clement, 2005). Therefore, the country must introduce conservation measures and ensure their implementation by the farmers as well as other players in the agricultural industry. Vladas (2008) argues that policy makers in Brazil realize that another vicious cycle between economic development and income distribution could occur in the near future, as long as farmers in the North East regions of the country continue to use harmful farming practices. The relationship between the government, how people view their rulers and conduction of business is evident from all angles. Both politicians and people are beginning to understand that the only way to continue into the future is through cooperation and mutua l respect and support. The economy depends on individuals, businesses they run, society and the government, so the law makers, corporations and society must make sure that there are always laws and regulations that preserve and protect nature and people. Brazil has a unique relationship between people’s culture, the governments and economy is crucial. Every culture is original in its set of customs and traditions. Something that is acceptable in one country will be seen as impolite in another. The intricate relationship with the environment and people sets demands of proper care and kindness. Laws that safeguard nature and pollution that business might cause are becoming stricter. Some of the laws include proper filtration systems, amount of resources that can be used, such as logging and water usage, as well as dumping sites and waste disposal. Even though there are laws and regulations that outline the functioning of businesses and corporations, pollution and over usage of resources are still commonplace. The laws are a just part of human society and regulation of businesses. It is up to the people running these companies to be responsible and prevent further damage to the planet and people’s health. Anything that businesses get involved in, is consistent of ethics and how matters are conducted. Most recently, corruption and bribery in relation to pollution and environment laws have been tightened. The government and proper authorities carefully monitor the amount of particles and harmful gases that are reaching the atmosphere. As it has become a global problem and many business are international, the governments of numerous nations are closely watching the regulations. Even though previously, the laws have been ineffective, the modern world has greatly changed. Many plants are now required to have proper filtration systems, and the technology is aiding in the matter. The improper procedure of waste disposal and filtrations are one of the great est pollutants, so companies are forced to choose alternatives and evolutionism. Dumping of poison materials and spills into water are strictly monitored, so the laws are becoming extremely effective in this aspect of business regulation (Carneiro Danton, 2011). There are several recommendations that deserve proper attention and development. There are talks about the saving of environment and making a particular focus on the energy use industry, its modes and the effects that it has on the surrounding nature and people. The air pollution is already a problem in many countries and Brazil has joined â€Å"the cycle†. Even though it has developed many strategies to help reduce toxic air emissions, and one of them is to promote and establish clean burning technologies and implement them, new plants, industrial areas and residential localities to support the infrastructure must emerge. Nations heavily rely on fossil fuels in almost every aspect of life, from residential, to publi c and industrial. As oil and gas are becoming more used as means to get energy, the technology changes also. The aims of the nation are to investigate the levels of CO2 emissions, and what technology can be used to prevent pollution. The research must focus on comparing the amount of pollution annually, and link consumption to electricity generation. When comparing the several outputs, it is clearly evident there are new installments in filtration system and dump sites are proving effective. The accumulation of the waste materials and pollution to the environment will constantly grow, reaching levels that will be hard to control, unless something is done immediately. The results have shown a steady deterioration of quality in both types of energy use, but coal usage has shown to be much more detrimental to people and environment. This goes to show that industry must adjust to environment. The problem areas are observed in the uncertainties in the control and amount of CO2 emissions, which greatly decreases the efficiency, as well as power output. The development of industrialized areas is continuing at an increasing rate, and so the process must be highly controlled. The conclusions that are drawn aim for reducing total fossil fuel usage, and a greater focus is on the, electricity, oil and gas. There should also be a form of combining the technology with the use of proper burning aggregates, as well as filters and other equipment. Conclusion For the Brazil to achieve economic development, it has to embrace the policies of environmental conservation and implement them effectively. The environment is becoming extremely polluted through the burning of naturally occurring fuels and chemical waste disposal. The air pollution is already a problem in many countries and Brazil is not an exception. A nation has developed many strategies to help reduce toxic air emissions and one of them is to promote and establish clean fuel burning technologies and implement them. Sin ce agriculture is the backbone of the country’s economy, it is essential to improve productivity in a sustainable manner to support the livelihoods of farmers in Brazil. It is noteworthy that the success of these environmental conservation measures is highly dependent on the extent to which stakeholders encourage good farming practices. Owing to laxity in the implementation of conservation policies results in the continuation of harmful and destructive practices of farming that are detrimental to the sustainability of the environment, and thus resulting in vicious cycle. Not only there are activities outside the government’s laws for businesses, but there are regulations that are made to ease the functioning of business and aid the mutual relationship between governments and corporations in a financial way. Even though there are numerous government organizations that enforce laws and take steps to prevent repetition of pollution crimes, the rate of these occurrences is still great, being detrimental to the society and the world. References Ascher.W., Healy, R.G. (1990). Natural resource policymaking in developing countries: Environment, economic growth, and income distribution. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. Carneiro, J., Danton, T. (2011). Agriculture and biodiversity in the Brazilian social Sciences: A possible state of the art scenario innovation. The European Journal of Social Science, 24(3), 225-246. Clement, A. (2005). The economics of a safe minimum standard of conservation. The  American Journal of Agriculture, 60(24), 10-18. European Commission (2007). Country strategy paper 2007-2013. Retrieved from http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/brazil/csp/07_13_en.pdf Ferreira, J., Pardini, R., Metzger, J.P., Fonseca, C.R., Pompeu, P.S., Sparovek, G., Louzada, J. (2012). Towards environmentally sustainable agriculture in Brazil: Challenges and opportunities for applied ecological research. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2(1), 1- 23. Jain, C. (1998). Agricultural Intensification by Smallholders in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Regional Science, 15(2), 55-60. Saxena, D. (2005). Agricultural development in Utah. The Geographer, 32(1), 20-28. Vladas, G. (2008). Conservation of Environment. Journal of Environmental Physiology  23(1), 21-32 Walter, C. (2008). Overview of India’s Agricultural Economy. Asia Pacific Development  Journal, 10(2), 15-20. This critical writing on Environmental Policy Making in Developing Countries was written and submitted by user Dayton Ortiz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.